There are a number of
surgical instruments used in dental practice. This article outlines some of the
commonly used instruments, manufactured by leading dental equipment
manufacturers.
Dental surgical
instruments are used to examine, manipulate and restore damaged teeth.
Although there are several branches in dentistry and thousands of
instruments, in this article, we are only covering the instruments that are
commonly found in a general dental clinic.
Diagnostic instruments
– Mouth mirrors and probes are the most common diagnostic instruments used in
dental surgery. The mouth mirror is angled to provide an indirect view of oral
structures. Straight probes and angled probes are also very common. These
probes are used to detect soft areas on the tooth or to measure the depth of
gum defects.
Dental drills and burs
– Most dentists now use a high-speed dental hand piece known as an air rotor.
This hand piece runs on compressed air provided by a compressor. Diamond
cutting burs are inserted into the air rotor head and the hand piece is used to
cut cavities in teeth, to reshape teeth and during surgeries to reshape bone or
teeth. Several different bur varieties available like round, conical, long
cylindrical etc. Dentists usually combine two or three burs during a single
procedure. Apart from high speed air rotors, dentists also use low-speed air
motors that are used to reshape acrylic dental appliances.
Extraction instruments
– Removing a tooth is referred to as dental extraction. A dentist will use
needles, syringes and local anesthetic solution to first numb the area. They
will then use an instrument known as a periosteal elevator to separate the gum
from the tooth. This increases the visibility of the tooth for extraction.
After using the periosteal elevator, most dentists use tooth elevators which
acts as fulcrums. These elevators are applied strategically to loosen the tooth
roots from their underlying bony sockets. Several types of elevators are used
and they are named differently according to inventor and method of use. After
elevating the tooth, dental surgeons use specifically indicated forceps to
grasp and remove teeth from their sockets. Please note that each dentist will
have their own favourite elevators and forceps that they use during dental
extraction procedures.
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